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The economy of Sweden is a developed
diverse economy, aided by timber, hydropower and iron
ore. These constitute the resource base of an economy
oriented toward foreign trade. The main industries include
motor vehicles, telecommunications, pharmaceuticals,
industrial machines, precision equipments, chemical
goods, home goods and appliances, forestry, iron and
steel.
Because Sweden, as a neutral country, did not actively
participate in the World War II, it did not have to
rebuild its economic base, banking system, and country
as a whole, as many other European countries did. Sweden
has achieved a high standard of living under a mixed
system of high-tech capitalism and extensive welfare
benefits. Sweden has the second highest total tax revenue
behind Denmark, as a share of the country's income.
As of 2010, total tax revenue was 45.8% of GDP, down
from 48.3% in 2006.
The 20 largest Sweden-registered companies by turnover
in 2007 were Volvo, Ericsson, Vattenfall, Skanska, Sony
Ericsson Mobile Communications AB, Svenska Cellulosa
Aktiebolaget, Electrolux, Volvo Personvagnar, TeliaSonera,
Sandvik, Scania, ICA, Hennes & Mauritz, Nordea,
Preem, Atlas Copco, Securitas, Nordstjernan and SKF.
Sweden's industry is overwhelmingly in private control;
unlike some other industrialized Western countries,
such as Austria, Italy or Finland, state owned enterprises
were always of minor importance. One important exception
to this rule is LKAB, which is a state-owned mining
company, mostly active in the northern part of the country.
Some 4.5 million residents are working, out of which
around a third with tertiary education. GDP per hour
worked is the world's 9th highest at 31 USD in 2006,
compared to 22 USD in Spain and 35 USD in United States.
According to OECD, deregulation, globalization, and
technology sector growth have been key productivity
drivers. GDP per hour worked is growing 2½ per
cent a year for the economy as a whole and trade-terms-balanced
productivity growth 2%. Sweden is a world leader in
privatized pensions and pension funding problems are
small compared to many other Western European countries.
Swedish labor market has become more flexible, but it
still has some widely acknowledged problems. The typical
worker receives only 40% of his income after the tax
wedge. The slowly declining overall taxation, 51.1%
of GDP in 2007, is still nearly double of that in the
United States or Ireland. Civil servants amount to a
third of Swedish workforce, multiple times the proportion
in many other countries. Overall, GDP growth has been
fast since reforms in the early 1990s, especially in
manufacturing.
World Economic Forum 2010 competitiveness index ranks
Sweden 2nd most competitive, behind Switzerland. The
Index of Economic Freedom 2008 ranks Sweden the 27th
most free out of 162 countries, or 14th out of 41 European
countries. Sweden ranked 9th in the IMD Competitiveness
Yearbook 2008, scoring high in private sector efficiency.[25]
According to the book, The Flight of the Creative Class,
by the U.S. urban studies, Professor Richard Florida
of University of Toronto, Sweden is ranked as having
the best creativity in Europe for business and is predicted
to become a talent magnet for the world’s most purposeful
workers. The book compiled an index to measure the kind
of creativity it claims is most useful to business —
talent, technology and tolerance. Sweden's investment
into research and development stood, in 2007, at over
3.5% of GDP. This is considerably higher than that of
a number of MEDCs, including the United States, and
is the largest among the OECD members.-
wikipedia.org
We will be using Sweden's manufacturing
and service industries to add value to African work.
Sweden Electrical Power use is at 15534 KWH per person
which is a lot more that 7500 KWH per person for mid
size developing countries. This is a lesson in economic
development.
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